| Abstract | Trgovačko društvo kao pravna zajednica fizičkih i/ili pravnih osoba nastaje pravnim poslom čija je svrha ostvarenje zajedničkih ciljeva postavljenih od tih fizičkih i/ili pravnih osoba kao osnivača. Trgovačko društvo se osniva ponajčešće ugovorom između dviju ili više fizičkih i/ili pravnih osoba, ali ga izjavom o osnivanju može osnovati i samo jedna fizička ili pravna osoba. Osnivanje i ustroj trgovačkih društava uređeno je zakonom . Upisom osnivanja trgovačkog društva u registar nadležnog trgovačkog suda, društvo stječe svojstvo pravne osobe što je temeljni preduvjet za preuzimanje prava i obveza u pravnom prometu. Kako bi trgovačko društvo ostvarilo svrhu i ciljeve svojega osnivanja i postojanja, ono mora obavljati gospodarske i druge registrirane djelatnosti. Svako djelovanje trgovačkog društva, usmjereno ka ostvarenju svrhe njegova osnivanja, predstavlja vođenje poslova društva. U okviru vođenja poslova društva, podrazumijevaju se radnje koje se obavljaju unutar samog društva (organiziranje poslovnih procesa, poslovno odlučivanje, vođenje poslovnih knjiga, itd) ali i radnje koje se poduzimaju prema trećim osobama, koje se smatraju zastupanjem trgovačkog društva. Može se stoga reći da vođenje poslova trgovačkog društva uključuje i njegovo zastupanje prema trećima. U ime svakog trgovačkog društva vođenje poslova i zastupanje obavlja jedna ili više fizičkih osoba. Pravni okvir za vođenje poslova i zastupanje trgovačkog društva uređen je zakonom . U društvima kapitala, kakvo je i dioničko društvo, zakon definira tijela ili organe ovlaštene za obavljanje poslovne (upravljačke) i nadzorne (kontrolne) funkcije. Tijela dioničkog društva i njihove nadležnosti, posebice za vođenje poslova i zastupanje društva, zakon uređuje kako za dionička društva dualističkog tako i za dionička društva monističkog ustroja.
Zakon o trgovačkim društvima (NN 111/93, 34/99, 121/99, 52/00, 118/03, 107/07, 146/08, 137/09, 125/11, 152/11, 111/12, 68/13, 110/15, 40/19, 34/22) |
| Abstract (english) | Trade association as a legal community of the natural and/or legal persons is created by the legal work whose aim is accomplishing mutual goals originating from those natural and/or legal persons as founders. Trade association is most commonly established by the contract between two or more natural or legal persons, but by using the declaration of foundation, it can as well be established by only one natural or legal person. Establishment and structure of the trade associations are regulated by the law. By entering the establishment of the trade association in the register of the competent commercial court, the association acquires the status of the legal person which is an essential precondition for acquiring rights and obligations in legal transactions. In order for the trade association to reach the purpose and the goals of its establishment and existence, it has to perform economic and other registered activities. Every activity of the trade association directed towards reaching the purpose of its establishment represents management of the trade association. The framework of the management of the trade association implies the activities performed within the very association (organizing business process, business decision, maintain accounting records etc.) but also those activities undertaken towards third persons, which are considered to be representations of the trade associations. Therefore, it can be said that the management of the trade associations involves their representation towards third parties. On the behalf of every trade association management and representation are conducted by one or more natural persons. The legal framework for the management and the representation of the trade association is regulated by the law2 . In limited liability companies, one of which is the joint-stock company, the law3 defines bodies and organs authorized to performing business (managerial) and monitoring (controlling) functions. Bodies of the joint-stock company and their jurisdiction, especially when it comes to management and representation are regulated by the law4 for both two-tier and one-tire structured joint-stock companies.
Trade Associations Law (NN 111/93, 34/99, 121/99, 52/00, 118/03, 107/07, 146/08, 137/09, 125/11, 152/11, 111/12, 68/13, 110/15, 40/19, 34/22) |
