Abstract | Među prirodnim bogatstvima, s kojima Hrvatska raspolaže, ističe se i na prvom mjestu stoji, njen turistički potencijal. Smještena na obali Jadranskog mora, koje se duboko usjeklo u Europski kontinent, Hrvatska se nalazi pod toplim suncem i pogodnom klimom Mediterana. Pri stjecanju većih prihoda od turizma iznimnu ulogu imaju smještajni kapaciteti, u koje ulaze strani gosti. Oni očekuju ne samo osmijeh na licima domaćina već i komfor, bogatu gastronomsku ponudu te stotine drugih usluga bez kojih su zadovoljstva boravkau stranoj zemlji mnogo manja. Vidjeti što više uz što manje napora, upoznati kulturu, ljude, krajolike, sve su to osnovne želje svakog turista koji dolazi u pohode. Razvoj turizma nije cilj po sebi već je to podsustav zajedničkih ciljeva društvenog razvoja. Niska efikasnost upotrebe raspoloživih gospodarskih resursa je glavni ograničavajući činitelj u ostvarivanju ciljeva gospodarskog razvoja. Gospodarski rast i razvoj u velikoj mjeri zavise od investicija i njihove efikasnosti. Kriterij i motivi investiranja i investicijske potražnje su vrlo različiti. Prvenstveno je to profit ili dobit, zatim zapošljavanje radne snage, povećanje standarda i materijalnog bogatstva, eksploatacija prirodnog bogatstva, razvoj pojedinih gospodarskihi negospodarskih djelatnosti, razvoj pojedinih područja i regija, promjena ekonomskih isocijalnih društvenih struktura, unapređivanjetrgovačke i platne bilance, itd. Nositelji investicija u sve gospodarske i negospodarske djelatnosti, pa tako iturizam, pored banaka, u novije vrijeme, javljaju se i investicijske institucije koje zauzimaju sve značajniji udio u ukupnim investicijama. Danas banke u industrijski razvijenim i tranzicijskim zemljama razvijaju nove proizvode i usluge uz pomoć softverske podrške, osobito računalnih mreža, čime su pomaknute vremenske i prostorne granice tradicionalnog bankarstva i bitno je olakšan transfer novčanih sredstava. Banke koje financiraju projekt trebaju brinuti o tržištu investicije, ali i kvaliteti planiranja i izvođenja, a pogotovo rentabilnosti. Banka odobrava kredit privatnim poduzećima i državnim poduzećima koji provode program privatizacije, bez garancije vlada, ali očekuje puni komercijalni povrat sredstava od poduzeća koje mora preuzeti uvijek rizik investicije. Pri tome je nezaobilazna uloga središnje banke kao kreatora cjelovite monetarne politike. U svakom slučaju rizik nove investicije mora biti pokriven nekim od sredstava osiguranja plaćanja, u pravilu hipotekom nad nekretninama, a opravdana stopa povrata sredstava. |
Abstract (english) | Among the natural wealth Croatia disposes of, its tourist potential is markedly in first place. Situated on the coast of the Adriatic Sea and indented deeply into the European continent, Croatia is located under the warm sun and the favourable Mediterranean climate. Even though Croatia today sets apart almost one fourth of its foreign-currency income on tourism, which is only the beginning of the exploitation of our possibilities. An exceptional role in obtaining more income from tourism is that of the accommodation capacity, dealing with foreign tourists. They expect not only a smile on their host's face but also comfort, a rich gastronomic offer and hundreds of other services without which the satisfaction of staying in a foreign country is greatly reduced. To see as much as one can with as little effort as possible, get to know the culture, people, landscape, all are the basic wishes of every visiting tourist. The development of tourism is not an aim itself but a subsystem of social development mutual aim. The low efficiency of the use of economic resources is the principle-limiting performer in economic development aim realization. Economic growth and development greatly depend on investments and their efficiency. The investment criteria and motives, and the investment demands, are very different. It is firstly profit or earnings, then workforce employment, increase in standard and material wealth, natural wealth exploitation, development of single economic and non-economic activities, development of individual areas and regions, change of economic and social structures, upgrading of trade and payments balance, etc. The investment carrier in all economic and non-economic activities, and therefore in tourism, have recently appeared besides banks, and they are investment institutions that have taken an ever more significant part in total investments. Today banks in industrially developed and transitional countries are developing new products and services with the help of software support, particularly computer networks, moving time and space limits of traditional banking and substantially facilitating the transfer of financial resources. Banks that finance a project must provide for the investment market and the planning and performing quality as well, particularly profitability. The bank approves credits to private and state companies that carry out the privatisation program without a state warranty, but they expect a full commercial refund from the companies that always have to take upon themselves the risk of investment. The role of the central bank as the creator of the entire monetary politics is, therefore, inevitable. |