| Abstract | Ekonomska politika je dio državne politike koji se bavi odnosom države i gospodarstva i obuhvaća mjere i instrumente koji se koriste za provođenje željenih, optimalnih ciljeva. Nositelji ekonomske politike su svi subjekti koji izravno ili neizravno djeluju na definiranje i kreiranje ciljeva određene politike, a to su uglavnom državna tijela, upravna tijela, lokalne samouprave, Narodna banka, političke stranke i druge interesne skupine te međunarodne organizacije, ali samo u otvorenim privredama. Pošto država upravlja svim poduzetim aktivnostima ekonomske politike, njihovom implementacijom, usmjeravanjem, koordiniranjem i reguliranjem, sve makroekonomske odluke su odluke s političkim predznakom. U Republici Hrvatskoj je situacija takva da su nositelji ekonomske politike država, Hrvatska narodna banka uz relativni utjecaj udruženja poslodavaca, sindikata i gospodarske komore. Osim makroekonomske politike, koja se bavi gospodarstvom, postoje i ekonomske politike za pojedine segmente gospodarstva, poput agrarne, industrijske, prometne, trgovinske, politike turizma i slično. Uz njih, razlikuju se i one kojima se utječe na pojedine faze procesa privređivanja, poput politike proizvodnje, razmjene, raspodjele i potrošnje, te se može čak govoriti o investicijskoj politici, politici raspodjele, regionalnoj politici kao specifičnom aspektu gospodarske politike. Gospodarske politike orijentirane su na pitanja korištenja oskudnih resursa poput korištenja prirodnih bogatstava, zapošljavanja, politike znanosti i obrazovanja i drugo. Velik utjecaj na formiranje i donošenje nacionalnih ekonomskih politika i modela u Republici Hrvatskoj ima Europska unija, od procesa ulaska u zajednicu, a pogotovo nakon ulaska 2013. godine. |
| Abstract (english) | Economic policy is a part of state policy that deals with the relationship between the state and the economy, and it encompasses measures and instruments which are used to reach desired, optimal goals. The bearers of the economic policy are all subjects who either directly or indirectly affect the definition and creation of goals of a specific policy, and those are mainly state bodies, governing bodies, local self-governments, the National Bank, political parties and other interest groups, and international organizations, but only in open economies. Since the state governs all the undertaken activities of the economic policy, their implementation, guidance, coordination and regulation, all macroeconomic decisions are politically charged decisions. In the Republic of Croatia, the situation is such that the bearers of economic policy are the state, Croatian National Bank with relative influence of employers' associations, unions, and the chamber of commerce. Besides the macroeconomic policy, which handles the economy, there are also economic policies for separate segments of the economy, such as agrarian, industrial, transport, trade, tourism, and so on. In addition to those, we distinguish policies used to influence certain phases of the earning process, such as production, exchange, distribution, and consumption policies, and we can even speak of investment policies, allocation policies, and regional policies as a specific aspect of the economic policy. Economic policies are oriented toward issues of usage of scarce resources, like the usage of natural wealth, employment, policies of science and education, and so on. The European Union has held great influence over the formation and establishment of national economic policies and models in Croatia, since the process of joining the Union, and especially after the accession in 2013. |
